|
l=¾wdkfha i|yka
jk udkj m%ckk ls%hdj,sh iïnkaOj fndfyda lreKq" fuu úIhh meyeos,s lsÍug udkj
kso¾YKhka m;k kQ;k l<, úoHd úfYaI{hkag úYd, wNsfhda.hla t,a, lr we;' uQ,sl
úoHdjkaf.a Wm; iy —wkaùCIh˜ fidhd.ekSfuka wk;=rej we;sjQ cSj úoHd;aul
fidhd.ekSïj,g Wmfhda.S;ajfhka" miq l,loS" l=¾wdkfha i|yka fuu lreKq j, .eUqre
nj wjfndaO lr .ekSug ñksidg yelshdj ,enqKs' 7 jk ishjfia uq,aNd.fha cSj;a jQ
ñksfil=g fujeks b;d ixlS¾K yd ksjeros lreKq meyeos,s lsÍï bosßm;a lsÍu
lsisfia;au l< fkdyelalls'
ueo fmros. fyda wrdìfha úiQ ñksiqka" hqfrdamSh fyda wkH cd;Ska úiska fï úIhh
iïnkaOfhka oek isá lreKq j,g jvd jeä hula oeks isá njg lsisu wdldrhl ft;sydisl
i|ykla wmg olakg fkdue;' wo l=¾wdkh yd iajNdúl úoHdjka ms<sn|j ksmqK oekqula
iys; fndfyda uqia,sïjreka úiska udkj m%ckkh iïnkaOj l=¾wdkfha tk lreKq yd kQ;k
úoHd;aul fidhd.ekSï w;r mqÿu Wmojk iq¿ iudk;ajh meyeos,sj Tmamq lr we;'
18 úhe;s fi!os wrdìfha yeoS jevqKq uqia,sï ;reKfhl= udkj m%ckkh ms<sn|j ud yd
l< m%ldYh fuysoS ug ksrka;rfhkau isyshg kefÕa' Tyq l=¾wdkh f.kyer olajñka fï
fmd; wmg fï úIhh iïnkaO w;HjYH ish¿ f;dr;=re ,nd oS we;' ud mdi,a hk wjêfhaoS
uf.a .=rejreka orefjl= Wmoskafka flfiaoehs meyeos,s lsÍug l=¾wdkh Wmfhda.S
lr.kakd ,oS' Tfí ,sx.sl wOHdmkh ms<sn| fmd;a ^ngysr ,sx.sl wOHdmkh ms<sn|j jQ
.%ka:& fï lreKq iïnkaOfhka isákafka miq misks'˜
m%ckkh ms<sn|j l=¾wdkfha oelafjk ish¿ lreKq iúia;rd;aulj fuys yqjd oelaùug ud
W;aidy oerejfyd;a" isÿjkqfha fuu l=vd fmd;amsxp uyd .%ka:hla njg mßj¾;kh ùuhs'
—nhsn,h" l=¾wdkh iy kq;k úoHdj˜ kï udf.a .%ka:fhys" fï iïnkaO iúia;r úoHd;aul
meyeos,s lsÍï" ir, NdId ú,dYhlska bosßm;a lr we;s w;r" th wrdì ni fkdo;a fyda
l<, úoHd úIhh .ek fkdo;a ´kEu wfhl=g l=¾wdkfha fï iïnkaOj bosßm;a lr we;s
lreKq" kQ;k úoHd;aul oekqu weiqßka ir,j yd jgyd .ekSug myiq whqßka bosßm;a lr
we;'
l=¾wdkh f,dj my< jq wjêfha ñksid ;=< jQ úYajdihka .ek i<ld ne,SfïoS l=¾wdkfha
tk fuu kQ;k úoHdj yd fnfyúkau ieif|k" úoHd;aulj ms<s.; yels lreKq wm ieu
uú;fhka uú;hg m;alrùug iu;ah' l=¾wdkh my< jQ wjêfha fï úIhh iïnkaOfhka ñksid
;=< jQ lsisÿ jeros" ñ:Hd woyila l=¾wdKfhys i|yka fkdùuo fuys we;s ;j;a jeo.;a
i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKls'
ixfiapkh
wms oeka
—Y=l%dKqjl ^mqreI îchl& we;s ixlS¾K;djh iy ixfiapkh i|yd b;d iq¿ m%udKhl
Y=l%Od;= m%udKhla iEySu˜ hk lreKq iïnkaOfhka l=¾wdkfha i|yka oE fjka jYfhka
i,ld n,uq' fuh w,a bkaidka mßÉfPaofha oelafõ'
—ieneúkau ud ñksid uejQfha b;d iq¿ m%udKhl iïñY%s; ;r,hlsks'˜ Y=( l=¾wdkh( 76-
2
"nutfah"
hk wrdì jok —iq¿ m%udKhla˜ f,i fuysoS mßj¾;kh lr we;' th je.sÍu" ldkaÿùu hk
wre;a we;s l%shdmofhka ì|S tk w;r nd,aoshl we;s oE ysia l< miqj tys wäh u;
b;sß ù we;s øjH hkak úia;r lsÍug úfYaIK mohla f,io fhdod .efka' by; oelajQ
l=¾wdkSh j.ka;sfhka ixfiapkh isÿùug Ndú;d jkqfha b;d ;r, m%udKhla muKla nj b;d
meyeos,sj i|yka fõ'
;jo "amshaaj"
kï wrdì jok —iïñY%s; ;r,h˜ f,i mßj¾;kh flfrk w;r" th w;S;fha mgka úia;r
úpdrlhska úiska ia;%S iy mqreI Y%djhkaf.a ñY%Khla f,i meyeos,s lr we;' tfia
jQjo kQ;k ixialdrl jreka úiska th fkdfhl=;a øjHhkaf.ka iukaú; jQ —Y=l% ;r,h˜
f,i ksjerosj úia;r lrhs'
Y=l% ;r,h - jDIK fldaI" Y=l% wdYhsld" fm%diafÜg .%kaÓh iy l=*¾ .%kaÓh hk
fldgia j,ska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk Y%djhkaf.ka iukaú; fõ'
ixfiapkh ;r,h úúO øjHhkaf.ka iukaú; jk nj olajk l=¾wdkh wkd.; m%cks;hska
ìysjkq ,nkafka fuu ;r,fhka Wlyd.;a hï fldgilskehs —wia icaodya˜ mßÉfPaofhaoS
fy<slrhs'
—b;ska Tyq ñksidf.a ore mrmqr fkdie,lsh yels ;rï iq¿ ;r, m%udKhlska Wlyd.;a
idrfhka we;slrk ,os'˜
Y= l=¾wdkh ( 32- 8
Sulaalah
hk wrdì jok —idrh˜ f,i mßj¾;kh flfrk w;r tys kshu w¾:h jkqfha —hulska fmrd.kq
,enQ tys wvx.= fyd|u fldgi˜ hkakhs' l=uk wdldrhlska th mßj¾;kh l<o th hulska
,nd.;a l=vd fldgila f,i fmkS hhs' idudkH ;;a;ajhka hgf;aoS ,sx.sl ixi¾.fha
fhfok ñksfil= úiska msglrkq ,nk ñ,shk 50 lg wêl jQ Y=l%dkq w;=ßka ia;%S äïnhla
^ia;S% äïn fldaI u.ska ksl=;a lrk äïn ffi,h fyj;a —ì;a;rh˜& iuÕ iïnkaOùug
yelshdjla ,efnkqfha tla Y=l%dKqjlg muKs'
wêfrdamKh
ia;%S YÍrh ;=< msysá mef,damSh kd, ;=<oS ixfiapkh jQ äïnh ^ì;a;rh& fyj;a wKav
ffi,h l%ufhka tu kd, ;=<ska my;g ixl%uKh ù .¾NdIh ;=< ;ekam;a fõ' fuu
ls%hdj,sh —l<,fha wêfrdamKh˜ f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' wêfrdamKh isÿjkqfha l<,fhka
^äïnh yd Y=l%dKqj tlaùfuka iEÿKq hqla;dKqj úldYKh ùfuka iEÿKq jHQyh l<,h kï
fõ&'
msg;g j¾Okh jk CIqø wx.=,sld kue;s m%ir úfYaIhla fya;=fjks' ^fïjd miqj l<,
nkaOhka njg jeä oshqKq fõ'& fuu m%ir .ila tys uq,a uÕska fmd<jg iúù we;s
whqßkau l<,h .¾NdI ì;a;shg oeäj iúlr ;nñka .¾NdI ì;a;sh ;=<ska jefvk l<,hg
wjYH fmdaIK øjHhka Wlyd fokq ,nhs' fuu wêfrdamK ls%hdj,sh l=¾wdkfha fndfyda
fldgiaj, b;d fhda.H wdldrfhka úia;r flf¾' —w,la˜ hk mßÉfPaohu fuu f;areñka
kïlr we;'
—foúhka jykafia ñksiqka ks¾udKh lr we;af;a wdila; jHQyhlsks'˜ ^Y=( l=¾wdkh 96-
2&'
"alaq"
hk wrdì jofkys uQ,sl$m%Odk f;areu jQ —wdila; jHQyh˜ hkak yereKq úg fjk;a iqÿiq
mßj¾;khla fuysoS fhosh yels hehs uu fkdis;ñ' fuysoS uydpd¾H yïÿ,a,dyaf.a
mßj¾;kfha fuh —reêr leáhla f,i olajd ;sîu idjoH jQjls' —reêr leáh˜ hkako fuu
jokskau jHQ;amkak jQ woyila jQjo fuu j.ka;sfhaoS th Ndú;d lsÍu fhda.H fkdfõ'
l<,h
ujf.a foayfha .¾NdIh ;=< l<,fha isÿjk mßKduh ms<sn|j l=¾wdkfha b;d fláfhka
úia;r lr we;s kuqÿ th b;d ksjeros jQjls' tys ir, jpk Ndú;fhka olajd we;s ish¿
oE l<,fha j¾Okh iïnkaOj jQ uQ,sl j¾Ol wjëka yd ukdj ieif|a' —w,a uQñkQka˜
mßÉfPaofhaoS wms lshjkq ,nkafka fuu lreKqh'
uúiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o wdila; jHQyh" ymhla n÷ udxY .=,shla njg m;alr" bkamiq ta
;=<ska wiaÓka ks¾udKh lr" tu wiaÓka udxY fmaYSkaf.ka wdjrKh lr wdrCId lf<ñ'˜
Y=' l=¾wdkh 23- 14
—ymhla n÷ udxY .=,sh˜ hk ye|skaùu (mulghag)
ñksia l<, úliKfhys tla uq,a wjêhl fmkqu úia;r lsÍug ieneúkau fhosh yel' tfiau
wiaÓ j¾Okh isÿjkqfha fuu wjia:dfõ fuu jHQyh ;=<h' ;jo fufia iEfok wiaÓka miqj
udxY fmaYSkaf.ka wdjrKh ùuo isÿfõ' lahm
fyj;a —wdjrK udxY˜ f,i l=¾wdkfhys fuh olajd we;'
l<, úlikfha we;eï wjêj,oS iuyrla wjhj fldgia thska we;sjk wkd.; cSúhdf.a
foayfha we;s wdldrhg m%udKd;aul in|;djhka iys;j j¾Okh jk w;r" ;j;a iuyr úlik
wjêj,oS fuh m%udKd;aul;djfhka wE;aj mj;S' fuh l=¾wdkfhys —w,ayca˜ mßÉfPaofhys
oelafõ'
uia .=,shla yd fj,s mej;s øjHhla njg m%udKd;aulj yd m%udKfhka msg wm ñksid
ks¾udKh lf<uq'
—uu ñksid ks¾udKh lsÍug fhdÞ.;a wila; jHQyh uia .=,shla njg yrjd bkamiq th
m%udKd;aulj yd m%udKd;aul fkdjk mßos ieliqfjñ'˜ Y= l=¾wdkh 22- 5
ó<Õg ixfõokhka we;sùu yd wNHka;r bJøshhka jHQ;amkak ùu iïnkaOj —wia- icÞya˜
mßÉfPaofha oelafjk oE i,ld n,uq'
'''' —;jo foúhka jykafia Tng lka" weia iy yDoh kshu lf<ah˜ Y= l=¾wdkh( 32- 9
fuys i|yka lsisjla wo wm okakd o;a; yd mriamr úfrdaë tajd fkdfõ' tfiau l=¾wdkh
ìysjQ wjêfha ñksiqka ;=< jQ ÿ¾u; lsisjlao tys wka;¾.; fkdfõ' uOH;k hq.fhaoS
udkj j¾Okh ms<sn|j úúOdldrfha ñ:Hd yd wkqudk u; mokï jQ úYajdi fndfyda mej;s
w;r tajd tu hq.fha isg Y;j¾I .Kkdjla bosßhg jQ ld,h mqrdo tf,iu ñksiqka ;=<
mej;=Ks' b;sydih .ek i,ld n,k l<, úoHdj iïnkaOj tys b;du;a uQ,sl" m%d:ñl wjêh
wdrïN jkqfha 1651 oS —ú,shï ydú˜ úiska —cSjh uQ,drïNh ,nkqfha ì;a;rhla ;=<sKs˜
hehs l< m%ldYh;a iu.h'
^ú,shï ydú ^1578- 1675) bx.%Sis cd;sl ffjoHrfhl= jQ w;r —reêr ixirKh˜ ms<sn|j
ksjeros woyia yd yDofha kshu l%shdldß;ajh reêrh fmdïm lsÍu jYfhka uq,ajrg
f,djg y÷kajd ÿkafka Tyq úisks&'
^kj ì%;dkH úYaj fldaIh - 5 fj¿u - msgq wxl 734&
fuu wjêh jk úg wkaùlaIfha fidhd.ekSu ;=<ska úoHdj úYd, oshqKqjla ,nd ;snqKo"
äïnh yd Y=l%dKqfjys ls%hdldÍ;ajhka ms<sn|j ñksiqka w;r fkdfhl=;a ;¾l ú;¾l
ygf.k ;snqKs' —n*ka˜ kue;s fY%aIaG iajNdj úoHd{hd —äïn kHdh˜ kï u;jdoh uq,ajrg
bosßm;a l< w;r —fndkܘ úiska thg iyfhda.h olajñka —taõf.a äïnfldaIh˜ kï jQ
jdohla f.kyer oelaùh' fuysoS taõ udkj j¾.hdf.a uj f,i ie,l= w;r" wehf.a foayh
;=< ish¿ ñksiqkag wÞ, îchka ish,a, tlla ;=< tlla jYfhka f.dKqlr .nvd lr ;snqKs
hehs Tjqyq mji;s'
u;=
iïnkaOhs'''''''
wdpd¾h fudßia
nqfLhs,a
m%xY ffjoH úoHd welvñh
isxy, mßj¾;kh( kcaud fmf¾rd' |
