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wd.ï yd o¾Ykhka
kdufhka mSvdjg m;alrk ,o ñksid wúoHdfjka ñfok njg jyis nia fodvñka úoHdfõ irK
me;Sh' .skaor hq.fha isg wÕyre hq.hg;a t;ekska 21 jk ishjig;a md ;nk ñksid
fN!;sl jYfhka wfkal úO fhdaO mshjrj,a ;nñka ;dCIKsl f,djg wj;S¾K úh' fN!;sluh
jYfhka oshqKqfõ bksfm;a;gu .sh ñksid is; oshqKq lsÍfuys tjeks fhdaO mshjrj,a
;nkak wiu;a úh' ñksia oshqKqfõ id¾:l;ajh mj;skafka fN!;sl fukau wOHd;añlj
,nd.kakd jQ oshqKqfõh' ta wkQj ;u yd úYajh ms<sn|j ,nd.kakd oekqu wkQj
ie,lSfïoS lsishï iSudjl fldgq ù we;snjla fmkShhs'
tksihs 1961-04-12 osk m%:ufhka wNHjldYh ;rKh l< hQß ..dßka ^1934-1968 kej;
mDÒúhg meñKS wjia:dfõ mejiqfõ —ud wyimqrdu foúhka fiõfjñ" kuq;a tys lsisÿ
foúfhl= olakg fkd,enqKs˜ hkqfjka'
wfoaj jdoSkag tkï foúfhla ke;ehs hk úYajdih u; muKla mokï jQjkag iy iajhx jdoh
tkï ish,a, bfí we;sjQjla hkqfjka úYajdi lrk ckhd yg fuh b;d fyd| idCIshla úh'
kuq;a nqoaêu;a wdldrfhka is;k úg th ksjeros woyila fkdjk nj meyeos,s jkq we;'
úYajfha úYd,;ajh iuÕ fudyq .sh .uk ie,l=fõ kï th ie,lsh fkdyels ;rï flá ÿrls'
wog;a úYajfha úYd,;ajh úoHdjg ks¾Kh lsÍug fkdyelsj we;'
úYajfha úYd,;ajh iïnkaOfhka nqÿ oyfï mjik lreK nyq;rhla fn!oaOhka isák rgla
ksid;a foúhka ms<sn|j fn!oaOhka w;r mj;skafka óg iudkjQ u;hla ksid;a th
bosßm;a lrñ' wx.=;a;r ksldfha frdays;iai iQ;%fha fufia i|yka fõ' nqÿkajykafia
<Õg meñKs frdays;siai nuqKd mjikjd' —iajdñKSæ uu biair wd;aufha frdays;siai
kñka ;jqfila fj,d ysáhd' ug m%n, iDoaê n,hla ;snqKd' t;fldg ug mq¿jka jqKd
olaI ÿkq Ys,amsfhl= ;,a fld,hla isÿrefjkak ú|skak fldhs;rï ld,hla .;fõo ta ;rï
iq¿ ld,hla we;=<; tla f,dalod;=jla úksúo .uka lrkak' b;ska ug ys;=kd úYajfha
fl<jr fidhkak' uu wjqreÿ 100 la wr fõ.fhka úYajfha Wvg .uka l<d' wjidkfha bu
fidhd.kak neßj uu WvoSu ñh .shd'˜ fïl ;uhs úYajfha wjidkh fidhd .sh .ufka jeäu
ÿrla .sh merKs;u jd¾;dj'
thska fmkShkafka nqÿ oyug wkQj ne¨j;a úYajfha úYd,;ajh wkka; njhs' b;ska t;rï
flá ÿrla jk lsf,daógr 327 la wyig .sh hQß ..dÍka .=jfka /|S isáfha b;d flá
ld,hla jk úkdä 108 la muKs' oshqKq ;dCIK WmlrK mjd fkdue;s wjoshl úYaj
.fõIKfha fhÿKq fudyqf.a m%ldYkh foi ne,SfïoS fudyq nqoaêuf;la hhs mjikjdo@
tfia;a ke;akï w{dkfhla hhs mjikjdo@ fï fudfydf;a iqm%lg od¾YKhl= jk m%ekaisia
nelïf.a m%ldYhla isyshg kefÕa' tkï Tyq mjihs' —úoHdj iïnkaOfhka wju oekqula
we;s mqoa.,fhla wfoajjdohg ;,a¨fõ' kuq;a úoHdj .eUqßka wOHhkh l< úoHd{hska
lsisÿ oskl foajjdoh m%;sfCIam fkdlrhs'˜
—foúhka" úksYaph oskh" iaj¾.h" wmdh hkqfjka ;udg jeglvq¨ fhdod.kakjd ñi tajdg
lsisÿ mokula fyda idCIshla ke;' fïl kùk f,dalhla" fuys úoHdj b;d oshqKqhs'
fuys olskafka ke;s" ú|skafka ke;s" oefkkafka ke;s lsisjla úYajdi l< fkdyel'
fndfyda ishjia .Kkla f.ù.sh;a ;ju úoHdj foúhka fidhd .ekSu fyda ta ms<sn|j
idCIshla mjd fidhdf.k ke;' fuu úYajh hï Yla;shla úiska ks¾udKh l< tlla fkdfõ'
th bfíu tfia;a ke;akï iajhx ks¾udKhls' iajhxj ks¾udKh jQ úYajh md,kh i|yd
lsisÿ Yla;shla wjYH fkdfõ' tuksid foúfhla hkak ñ;Hdjla' tfia isáh;a úYaj
md,khg wjYH ke;' foúfhl= isákjd hkak úYajdi lsÍu mjd ñ;Hdjls'˜ fuh we;euqka
bosßm;a lrk ;j;a u;hls'
—ñksidf.a oshqKqjg m<uq y;=rd wd.ï iy tu wd.ï wkQj mj;sk foaj úYajdihka fõ'
fuu f,dalh l=ulafoda foaj n,hla mßmd,kh lrñka isák nj ñksid úYajdi lrhs' tu
Yla;sh ukqIHdf.a ls%hdjka wkQj ksrh;a" iaj¾.h;a ,ndfokak;a iu;a nj úYajdi
lrhs' fujeks úYajdihka mj;sk;dla ÿmam;alu;a" ÿl;a" fkdoekqj;alu;a fuf,dúka
;=rka fkdfõ' ke;s foúfhla fjkqfjka ukqIHd ;u jia;=j;a olaI;djh;a úkdY lr.kS'˜
fuh ;j;a msßila bosßm;a lrk u;hhs'
—foúfhla ke;ehs ud fkdmjiñ' ukao th ud fkdoksñ' kuq;a foúfhla isákjd hhs ud
úYajdi fkdlrñ' ukao thg wjYH idlaIs ud yuqfõ ke;'˜ fuh weußldfõ wfoajjdo
fmr<shla we;sl< bx.¾id,a keue;a;df.a woyils' fï wdldrhg foaj úYajdih
wNsfhda.hg ,lalrñka ;uka nqoaêu;=ka hhs y÷kajdfoñka úúO mqoa.,hka úúO u; úúO
ld,j, oS bosßm;a lr we;'
kuq;a udkjhdf.a meje;au werUq l, isgu ñksid foaj úYajdifha mej; wd nj w;S;h
foi ne,SfïoS meyeos,sju jgyd .; yel' foaj úYajdih fkdue;s jljdkqjla w;S;fha
olakg fkd,efí' wE; w;s;fha isgu .ia" .,a" ysre" .skaor''' jeks úúO oE i|yd fjk
fjku foújreka o miqj úúO yevreúka úúO foújrekao Bg;a miqj nyqfoaj yd tal foaj
jdo kñka foúhka ms<sn|j úúO jdohka o iudch yuqfõ mej;=ks' fï wkQj ukqIHhd iEu
l,lu wkqu; l< fohls foaj úYajdih' tjeks úYajdihla ms<s.ekSug jvd m%;sfCIam
lsÍughs mokula idCIshla wjYH jkafkaæ
—´kEu ld,hla f,dal u;hg úreoaOj ;j;a u;hka bosßm;aùu f,dal iajNdjhls' fuysoS
foaj úYajdihg úreoaOj we;s jQ u;hhs wfoaj jdoh' wdrïNfha wkjfndaOfhka mdrïmßl
wd.ï ms<smeoSfï wjidk m%;sM,h jQfha ñksid tu mdrïmßl wd.ï ;=< wirK ù wfoaj
jdohg ;,a¨ùuhs' tfia foaj úYajdifhka neyer jQ ukqIHhd ;u u;h idOdrKshlrKh lsÍu
i|yd;a" j¾;udkfha wfoaj jdoh ckhd ;=< me;srùu i|yd;a Wmfhda.s lr.;af;a
úoHdjhs' tfia kï foúhkaj úoHdj m%;sfCIam lrhso@ nqoaêu;aj wka;jdoS fkdù fï
ms<sn|j úuid ne,sh hq;=hs' tfia n,k úg i;Hh olskakka th wjfndaO lr.kak;a
yelsjkq we;'
úoHdfõ ia:djrh''''
—hikaߘ hk ,;ska jpkfhka —ihkaia˜ hk jpkh ìysúh' tys wre; —nqoaêh˜ hkakhs'
ihkaia fyj;a úoHdj fï úYajh flfia ls%hd lrkafkao hkak mejiSuhs' tfia;a ke;akï
úYajh ms<sn|j lrk .fõIKhka ,nd.kakd oekquhs'
úoHdj m%Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnosh yel' tkï"
1- Tmamq lrk ,o úoHdj
2- Wml,amk úoHdj
úoHd WmlrK Wmfhda.s lrf.k mßCIK u.ska Tmamqlr.;a oE m<uq j¾.hg wh;a fõ'
Wml,amk úoHdj hkak Tmamq lrk ,o oE fkdfõ' tajd Wml,amkhka muKs' fïjd ld,h;a
iu. i;Hh ùugo yel" wi;Hh ùugo yel' WodyrKhla( —fuu mDÓúh f.da,dldrhs'˜ hkak
Tmamq l, fohls' th m<uq j¾.hg wh;a fõ' —fuu úYajh ìysjQfha flfiao@ tys jhi
lSho@˜ hkak mejiSu Tmamq l< fohla fkdfõ' fuu úYajh ìysùu ms<sn|j mejiSfïoS"
wdrïNfha fkìhq,d (Nebula)
hhs mjik wdldrfha mej;s jia;=j msmsÍu ksid ;re ìys jQ nj;a" tu ;re msmsÍfuka
.%y jia;= ìys jQ nj;a" tu .%yfha Wm .%yhka jk pkaøhka ìys jQ nj;a" mjiks ,oS'
miqj fuh iïmQ¾Kfhka jeros nj;a .%yhska iQ¾hhdf.ka we;s fkdjQ nj;a mjik ,oS'
uE;la jk;=re mejiqfõ —úYajh iodl,a mej;=Kq nj;a bosßhg;a tfiau iodl,a mj;sk
nj;ah'˜ fuh fkdief,k wjia:djdoh (Steady
State Theory) kñka ye|skaúh'
miqj th m%;sfCIam fldg uyd msmsreï jdoh (Big
Bang Theory) bosßm;a lrk ,os' fï
jk;=re fï jdohka Tmamq fldg ke;' fïjd Wml,amkhka muKs' fuh fojeks j¾.hg wh;a
fõ'
kQ;k hq.fha úYajfha iïNjh ms<sn|j uyd msmsreï jdoh
(Big Bang Theory)
kñka jQ jdoh bosßm;a lrhs' fuys mjikafka óg wjqreÿ ñ,shk 14000 lg fmr úYajh
werfUk fudfydf;a" úYajh we,afmfk;s ysilg;a jvd l=vdj mej;S nj;a" wêl >k;ajhla
iys; jQ tu jia;=j msmsßhEfuka fuu úYajh yd ish¨ .%yjia;=ka we;sjQ nj;ah' tu
jia;=j hï ixfldapk fya;=jla ksid mqmqrd ¥ú,s j,djla njg m;a jQ nj;a miqj tlska
tl w;r we;s jQ wdl¾YKh ksid th ixfldapkh ùfuka fuu wog mj;sk úYajh ìysjQ
nj;ah' fuu uyd msmsreï kHdh fyg ojfia wi;H ùugo yel' tfia;a ke;akï tys
ixfYdaOk we;sùug o yel' fuh ;ud Wml,amk úoHdfõ ia:djrh'
ta wkQj úoHd{hska úoHdj kñka b;d fõ.fhka u;hka" Wml,amkhka bosßm;a lrhs'
ld,h;a iuÕ tajd i;Hhehs mejiqjdg jvd fõ.fhka m%;sfCIam lrkq ,nhs' úoHd{hskaf.a
u; bosßm;a fjk fõ.h;a th m%;sfCIam jk fõ.h;a olsk úg úoHd{hka jk fudjqkaf.a
Wmla,mk ms<s.kakjdo@ keoao@ hk .eg¿jla u;=fõ' Wml,amk úoHdfõ we;s ÿ¾j,;djh
fmkajdoSu i|yd flá WodyrKhla f.k olajkq leue;af;ñ'
• úYajfha ìysùu ms<sn|j úoHdfõ úúO u; 4 la bosßm;a fldg we;' ta wkQj yßhEfï
iïNdú;djh 1$4 ls'
• mDÓúfha yevh ms<sn|j úoHdfõ úúO u; 30 la bosßm;a fldg we;' ta wkQj yßhEfï
iïNdú;djh 1$30ls'
• pkaøhdf.ka ksl=;a jk oSma;sh iïnkaOfhka u; folla bosßm;a fldg we;' ta wkQj
yßhEfï iïNdú;dj 1$2 ls'
• cSùkaf.a iïNjhg fya;=ldrl jQ øjH ms<sn|j úoHdj úúO u; 10000 la muK bosßm;a
fldg we;' ta wkQj iïNdú;djh 1$10000 ls'
fï wdldrhg fndfyda lreKq bosßm;a l< yelsjQj;a ,smsh oS¾>ùu wju lsÍu i|yd;a"
idudkH m%udKhg jgyd .ekSug fuh m%udKj;a hehs yefÕk ksid;a" by; i|yka lreKq 4
ys muKla yßhEfï fmdÿ iïNdú;djh n,uq' tkï 1$4« 1$30« 1$2« 1$10000 1$2400000 ls'
m%;sY;hla f,i .;a úg 0'00004] ls' ta wkQj ukqIHhdf.a Wml,amkhka f.ka by; 4
muKla ie,lSfïoS yßhEfï m%;sY;h 0'00004] fõ' ta wkQj jeroSfï iïNdú;djh
99'99996] la fõ' tfia kï hï ld¾hhla i|yd Wmla,mkh mokï lr.ekSu fl;rï ÿrg
idOdrKo@
úoHd;aul Tmamq l< foh;a" úoHd;aul Wml,amkh;a fmdÿfõ úoHdj hkqfjka mjikq ,efí'
fuys Wml,amk úoHdj Tmamq tlla fkdfõ' fuh f,dj ish¨ úoHd{hka ms<s.kS' tjeks
úoHd;aul Wml,amkhka hï u;hla i|yd idCIs jYfhka bosßm;a lsÍu nqoaêu;a ls%hdjla
fkdfõ' tfia kï ud;Dldj foig oeka wjOdkh fhduq lruq'
foúfhl= isào@
fuu m%Ykahg wdldr ;=klska ms<s;=re osh yel'
1- foúfhl= isákjdo keoao hkak ia:djrj lsj fkdyel'
2- foúfhla ke;'
3- foúfhla we;'
fuys m<uqjekafkka foúhka flfrys ;sfnk úYajdifha ÿ¾j,lu f.kyer olajhs' tkï
foúfhla isákjd hkak fyda foúfhla ke; hkak Tmamq lsÍug ;rï idCIs ke;s
wjia:djhs'
fojekak foúfhla ke; hkak;a" úYajh iajhxj l%shd lrkjd hkak;a Tmamq lsÍug yels
idCIs we;s ;sìh hq;= wjia:djls'
fuu wjia:d fol w;r meyeos<s fjkialï we;' —foúfhla isào hkak jgyd .; fkdyel˜ hk
u;h f.k —foúfhla ke;˜ hk ;¾lh bosßm;a l< fkdyel' ukao Bg idCIs ke;sj ;sîuhs'
fojekak —foúfhla ke;˜ hkak idCIs we;=j Tmamq l< hq;= kï Bg ms<s.; yels idOl
;sìh hq;=hs'
WodyrKhla f,i n%yiam;s .%yh u; cSùka isào@
fuu m%Yakhg —we;˜ hkqfjka fyda —ke;˜ hkqfjka wo úoHd{hskayg iaÒrj lsj fkdyel'
ukao ta i|yd wjYH idCIs idOl ;ju fidhdf.k ke;' tuksid my; ks.ukhkag meñKsh
hq;=hs'
1- n%yiam;s u; cSùka isào hkak iaÒrj lsj fkdyel'
2- n%yiam;s u; cSùka isá'
fuu ks.uk foflka tlla ùug yel' fuys m<uqjekak ms<s.kafka kï fojekakg o fojekak
ms<s.kafka kï m<uqjekak o m%;sfCIam lsÍug isÿfõ' tfiau m<uq ks.ukfha isák
flfkl=g wksl=;a .%yhkaj, cSùka isà hk jdoh m%;sfCIam lsÍugo fkdyel' l< hq;af;a
tu jdoh ms<sf.k i;Hfhkau tys cSùka isào@ hkak fiùug wjYH m¾fhaIK wdrïN lsÍuhs'
fuhhs ´kEu wjia:djl úoHdfõ ia:djrh'
u;=
iïnkaOhs'''''''
uqyïuoa ß*dka" .d,a,
m%fndaOh
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