|
bia,dï oyfuys msßókag muKla nyq
újdy l%uh wkqu; lr we;af;a wehs@
nyq újdyh fldgia folla fõ' tla msßñfhl= tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍu" fuhg
bx.S%isfhka fmd,s.ñ
(polygamy) hkqfjka lshkq ,efí' fojeks fldgi tla ldka;djla
tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍu' fuhg bx.S%isfhka fmd,shkavß
(polyandary) hkqfjka lshkq ,efí'
m%:u fldgi msßóka tlg jeâ újdyhka .Kkla lsÍu" iuyr fldkafoaiska u; bia,dï fuh
wkqu; lrhs' fojeks fldgi jk ldka;djla tlg jeâ újdyhka .Kkla lsÍu uq¿ukska ;ykï
fõ'
lsisÿ O¾u .%ka:hla tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla fkdlr isàug wkqn, fkdfohs'
f,dalfhys oeka mj;sk bkaÿjrekaf.a O¾u .%ka:h fõjd" rdudhkh fõjd uy Ndr;h fõjd"
N.j;a .S;h fõjd ls;= jrekaf.a O¾u .%ka:h jk ffnn,h fõjd" hqfoõjrekaf.a O¾u .%ka:h
jk ;,auqosla (TALMUDIC) fõjd msßóka tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.ekSug ;ykula
ms<sn| tys ke;' ta fjkqjg msßóka újdyhka lShla jQj;a lsÍug wkque;sh mj;s'
kuq;a miq ld,Skj meñKqkq yskaÿ wd.ñl kdhlhska" ;jo ls;= foajd,hka yd hqfoõjre
msßóka tla újdyhla muKhs lr.; hq;af;a hkq mjid nyq újdy l%uhg ;ykï mekjQy'
bkaÿ .%ka:hkays i|yka jk ;iro¾- l%sIakd jeks whg fndfyda ìßhka isà njg tu .%ka:hka
idCIs orhs' rdu¾f.a mshd ;iro¾ újdyhka 60 Þyla lr.;af;ah" l%sIakdg;a fndfyda
ìßhka isáfhah'
nhsn,fhys msßñfhl= tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.ekSug ;ykula fkdmej;Su ksid
wdrïN wjosfhys ls;=jreka Tjqka leu;s újdyhka ixLHdj lr.;ay' kuq;a .;jQ ishjia
lsysmhlg fmr" ls;= msßóka tla ldka;djla muKhs újdy lr .; hq;af;a tlg jeâ
ixLHdjla újdy lr .ekSu ;ykï hk kS;sh ls;= foajd,hka úiska mekúks'
hqfoõ oyfuyso msßóka tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍug wkque;sh mej;sks' wdírydïg
ìßhka ;sfofkl= isà nj;a" id,ukag ish .Kka ìßhka isà nj;a hqfoõjrekaf.a O¾u .%ka:h
jk ;,auqosla (TALMUDIC)ys i|yka fjhs'
ls' j' 960 Wm; ,en 1030 ñh .sh zríì fl¾idka ìka hyQodZ
(RABBI GERSHON BEN
YEHUDAH) hk hqfoõ cd;slhd nyq újdy l%uhg úreoaOj kS;sh ia:dms; lrk f;la hqfoõ
msßóka w;r nyq újdy l%uh mej;=ks' 1950 jir wjidkfhys biaf¾,ays msysgd we;s
hqfoõ uQ,ia:dkh msßóka tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍug ;yku mkjk f;la bia,dóh
rgj, cSj;a jQ hqfoõjreka w;r;a nyq újdyhka lsÍfï l%uh mej;=ks'
1- nyq újdyhka lrk yskaÿjreka(
(Committee Ot The Status Of Woman In Islam) hkq bia,dóh ldka;djkaf.a ;;a;ajh
ms<sn| wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd m;alrkq ,enQ fldñiuls' 1975 j¾Ifhys Tjqkaf.a jd¾;djl
66" 67 jeks msgqj, i|yka jQ ixLHd f,aLkj,g wkQj 1951 j¾Ih yd 1961 j¾Ih w;r"
wjqreÿ 10 we;=,; bkaÿjrekaf.ka 5' 06 msßóka tlg jeâ ldka;djka ixLHdjla újdy
lrf.k isáfhah' kuq;a uqia,sï jreka w;=ßka 4' 31 msßóka muKhs tlg jeâ újdyhka
ixLHdjla lrf.k isáfha' bkaoSh rdcH kS;shg wkQj bia,dóh msßókag muKhs tlg jeâ
újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍug wkque;sh we;af;a' bkaoSh rdcH kS;shg wkQj yskaÿjreka
tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍu imqrd ;ykï fõ' Tjqkag th kS;s úfrdaê jQj;a
uqia,sïjrekag jvd Tjqka fmruqfKa isá;s' uq,a wjosfhys yskaÿjrekag;a fufia
újdyhka lr.ekSug ;ykula fkdmej;sks' 1954 j¾Ifhys ia:dms; l< bkaÿ újdy kS;s
Í;Ska hk jHia:dfjys yskaÿ msßóka tlg jeâ újdyhka .Kkla lr.ekSug ;ykï mekúks'
wo jqk;a yskaÿ msßókag tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lsÍug ;ykï mkjkafka bkaoSh
rdcH kS;sh yer" yskaÿ O¾u .%ka: fkdfõ'
oeka wms bia,dï wehs msßñfhl=g tlg jeâ újdyhka .Kkla lsÍug wkque;sh ,nd oS
we;af;a hkq ms<sn| mq¿,aj ú.%y lruq'
2- fldkafoais iys;j Y=oaOjQ l=¾wdkh ,ndfok wkque;sh(
ud fmr lshQ fia f,dalfhys we;s O¾u .%ka: w;=ßka tla újdyhla lr .ekSug
osß.kajkafka w,al=¾wdkh muKhs'
zwkd:hskag hqla;sh bgq lsÍug fkdyels fj;ehs Tn ìhjQfõ kï" Tn leu;s ldka;djka
fofofkl=" ;sfofkl= fyda isõ fofkl= újdy lr.kak' kuq;a ^Tjqk;r& hqla;sh bgq
lsÍug fkdyels fj;ehs Tn ìhjkafka kï Tn tla ldka;djla muKla újdy lr.kak'
ke;fyd;a ol=Kq w; ysñ lr.;a ldka;djka újdy lr.kak' whqla;shla lsÍfuka je<lSu
i|yd fuhhs b;d ióm ls%hd ud¾.hjkafkaZ ^Y= l=¾wdkh 4( 3&' hkqfjka Y=oaOjQ
l=¾wdkfhys i|yka fjhs'
Y=oaOjQ l=¾wdkh wkdjrKh ùug fmr ld, jljdkqj,os" tu iudcfhys nyq újdyhg lsisÿ ;ykula
fkdmej;sks' msßóka leu;s újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.ekSug tu iudc l%ufhys bv ;sìks'
Tjqkaf.ka nyq;rhla leu;s újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.kakka jYfhka isáfhdah' kuq;a Y=oaOjQ
l=¾wdkh wkdjrKh ùfuka miq bia,dï oyfuys tla msßñfhl=g újdyhka y;rla lsÍfï
iSudj mekúks' Wmßu újdyhka y;rla lsÍug wkque;sh mj;s' fuh;a Tjqk;r idOdrKj
lghq;= lsÍug yels kï muKhs'
zTn,df.a ^ish¨u& Nd¾hdjkag ^ie,lSfïoS mßiudma; jYfhka& hqla;s iy.; ùug Tn,d
oeâfia woyia l<o" th Tn,dg l< fkdyels fohla úh yel' ^tfy;a Tn,d ms%h lrk tlu
Nd¾hdjla fj;& Tn,d tlfy,du yeÍ ^wfkla Nd¾hdj wyfia& t,a,S isák flfkl= fuka w;a
fkdyßkq' Tn,d ksjeros f,i yeisfrkafkao w,a,dyag ìhne;su;a jkafkao w,a,dya
iudYS,sh" ohdkaú;hZ ^Y=oaOjQ l=¾wdkfh 4( 129&'
by; i|yka jdlfHka bia,dïys nyq újdy l%uhg wkque;shla mj;skjd yer wksjd¾H fkdfõ
hkq fudkjg ;yjqre fõ'
bia,dïys újdyhla lr.;a mqoa.,hdg jvd újdyhka folla lr.;a mqoa.,hdg lsisÿ W;=ï
Ndjhla fkdue;'
3- ldka;djkaf.a cSú; ld,h yd msßókaf.a cSú; ld,h''''
iajNdúlj .;a l< msßóka yd .eyeKqka iudk ixLHdjla ;uhs Wm; ,nkafka' frda.hka j<lajk
Yla;sh msßñ md¾Yajhg .eyeKq md¾Yjhg jeâfhka ;sfí' frda.j,g Tfrd;a;= oSfï
yelshdj uo jYfhka mj;sk ksid <ore úfhys .eyeKq orejka ñh hk ixLHdjg jvd msßñ orejkaf.a ixLHdj by<hs'
hqo ìfuys ldka;djkag jvd ñh hk msßókaf.a ixLHdj by<hs' frda.j,g Tfrd;a;=
oSfï yelshdj uo jYfhka mj;sk ksid frda.d;=r ù ñh hk
ixLHdfjys ldka;djkag jvd msßókaf.a ixLHdj by<hs' msßókaf.a cSú; ld,h
ldka;djkaf.a cSú; ld,hg jvd wvqfjka mj;sk ksid lsisÿ ld, jljdkqjl Nd¾hdj
ke;sjQ iajdñ mqreIhdg jvd iajdñ mqreIhd ke;sjQ Nd¾hdjkaf.a ixLHdj by<hs'
4- .¾NdIh ;=<u .eyeKq orejka ke;s lsÍu;a" ;söß f.hs ysxidj;a ''''''''''
ck ix.Kkfhys ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdjg jvd msßókaf.a ixLHdj jeâ jYfhka mj;sk rgj,a
w;=ßka bkaoshdjo tlls' .¾NdIh ;=< ms<sis| .kakd orejd .eyeKq orefjl= kï th ta
iekska ke;s lsÍu;a" miqj .eyeKq orefjl= fia oek.kakg ,enqfka kï ;söß f.hs ysxidjka ;=<ska >d;kh lrkq ,eîu;a fuhg fya;= fõ'
bkaoshdfjys muKla wjqreoaog ,CI 10g wêl ì<s|ka ixLHdjla .eyeKq orejka jYfhka
y÷kd .ekSfuka miq ke;s lrkq ,nhs' fuu uy;a úkdY ldß ls%hdj k;r lrkq ,nkafka kï
bkaoshdfjyso msßókaf.a ixLHdj ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdjg jvd bosßfhka meje;aùu fkdje<ela
úh yel'
5- f,dal ck .ykfhys msßókaf.a ixLHdjg jvd ldka;djka bosßfhka isá;s'
wefußldfjys ck .ykfhka ldka;djka msßókag jvd 78 ,CIfhka wêl fõ' wefußldfjys
m%Odk k.rh jk ksjsfhda¾lays muKla msßókag jvd ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdj ,CI 10lska
wêl fõ' ksõfhda¾lays uq¿ ck.ykfhka ;=kska tlla iu ,sx.sl wdY%hg jy,a jQ
msßóka fõ' wefußldfjys uq¿ ck .ykfhka fuhg jy,ajQ ixLHdj fldaá fol yudrls' fï
wh újdyhka fkdlsÍu wms okakd lreKls'
ta jf.au íß;dkfHys msßókag jvd ldka;djka 40 ,CIfhka wêl fõ' c¾uksfhys
ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdj msßókag jvd ,CI 50lska wêl fõ' reishdfjys ldka;djkaf.a
ixLHdj msßókaf.a ixLHdjg jvd 90 ,CIhla blaujhs' f,dal ck.ykfhys msßókaf.a
ixLHdjg jvd ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdj fl;rï by<o lshd okafka w,a,dya muKs'
6- msßñfhl= tla ldka;djla muKla újdylr .; hq;=hs hkq iSud lsÍu m%dfhda.sl
fkdfõ'
tla msßñfhl= tla ldka;djla muKla újdy lr .; hq;=hs hk jd;djrKhla mj;S kï"
wefußldfjys muKla ldka;djka fldaá 3lg újdyhka lr.ekSug msßóka fkdue;s ;;a;ajhla
W¯fjhs' ^wefußldfjys msßóka fldaá fol yudrla iu ,sx.slhka nj;a u;l ;nd .; hq;=hs&'
ta jf.au íß;dkfhys ldka;djka ,CI 40lg" c¾uksfhys ldka;djka ,CI 50 lg"
reishdfjys ldka;djka ,CI 90 lg újdy lr.ekSu i|yd msßóka fkdue;s ;;a;ajhla
Wodfjhs'
WodyrKhg wújdyl udf.a ifydaoßh ke;fyd;a Tnf.a ifydaoßh újdy lr .ekSug msßñfhl=
fkdue;s ;;a;ajhl wefußldfjys fjfik nj is;d.ksuq' weh bosßfha úl,am folla muKhs
mj;skafka' tlla újdy lr .;a msßñfhl= iajdñ mqreIhd jYfhka ms<s.ekSu" ke;fyd;a
wefußldfjys fmdÿ NdKavhla njg m;aùu' hym; is;k" nqoaêu;a iEu flfkl=u újdyhla
lr.;a msßñfhl= iu. fyda ks;HkQl=, Nd¾hdjla jYfhka cSj;a ùughs leu;s jkafka'
fojeks ;SrKh lõreka wkqu; lrkafka ke;'
ngysr ixialD;sfhys tla msßñfhl= fndfyda ldka;djka iu. wkshï iïnkaO;d meje;aùu
idudkH fohls' fujeks jd;djrKhla ;=< ldka;djg wkdrCIs; ;;a;ajhla" iudchg ìhù
csj;ajk ;;a;ajhla we;s fjhs' tu iudcfhys ldka;djla msßñfhl=g fojeks Nd¾hdj
jYfhka isàu tu iudch ms<s.kakd w;r wehg f.!rjdkaú;" wdrCIs; cSú;hlao ysñfjhs'
újdyl mqoa.,fhl= iajdñ mqreIhd jYfhka ms<s.ekSu" ke;fyd;a fmdÿ NdKavhla njg
m;aùu fuu úl,amhka fol yer fjk;a úl,amhla fkdue;s jd;djrKhla ;=< ldka;djlg
bia,dï oyu uq,a úl,amh f;dard.kakg wkque;sh ,nd oS fojeks úl,amh uq¿ukska ;ykï
lrhs'
bia,dïys msßñfhl=g újdyhka y;rla lr.ekSug ;j;a úúO fya;= ldrKd mej;=k;a"
ldka;djg kshu wdrCIdj ,eîug;a iudcfhys wehg f.!rjh ysñùug;a fldkafoais u;
bia,dï msßókag fuu wkque;sh ,ndfohs'
ia;%Ska yd nyq újdy l%uh(
msßókag nyq újdyhka lr .ekSug wkque;sh ,nd fok bia,dï ldka;djkag th ;ykï
lrkafka wehs@
uqia,sï jre we;=¿ fiiq wd.ñl ifydaorjreka msßókag nyq újdyhka lr.ekSug
wkque;sh ,nd oS we;s bia,dï ldka;djkag th ;ykï lrkafka wehs@ hkqfjka
;¾ldkql=,j m%Yak k.hs'
bia,dï iajNdjfhkau kS;sh yd iudkd;au;djh ia:dms; lrk oyuls' msßñhd yd ldka;dj
iudkj uejQ w,a,dya ta fofokdg fjkia iajrEmfhys j.lSï yd iajNdjhka ,nd ÿkafkah'
udkislj yd ldhslj .;a l< msßóka yd ldka;djka w;r mriamr fjkialï mj;s' iudcfhys
msßókag yd ldka;djkag wdfõksl yd fjkia j.lSï ud rdcldÍka we;' bia,dóh
oDIaáfhys msßóka yd ldka;djka iudkhs (Equal) yer
i¾j iu (Identical)
fkdfõ'
Y=oaOjQ l=¾wdkfhys isõjeks mßÉfPaofhys 22 jdlfHys mgka 24 jeks jdlH f;la
msßóka újdy lr .; hq;= wh lõo@ újdy fkdlr.; hq;= wh lõo@ hkq meyeos<s flfrhs'
Z;jo wka whg Nd¾hdjka jYfhka isákakka ^Tng ;ykï fõ' kuq;a hqo ìfuys& Tfí hg;g
m;ajQ ldka;djka yer' fuh foaj kS;shhs' fuh ms<smeoSu Tng wksjd¾H fõZ ^Y=oaOjQ
l=¾wdkh 4( 24&'
újdy lsÍug ;ykï wh ms<sn| mjik úg iajdñ mqreIhka we;s ldka;djka iu. újdy ùug;a
w,al=¾wdkh ;ykï lrhs'
ldka;djkag tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.ekSug bia,dï ;ykï lrkafka wehs hkakg
u;= i|yka ldrKdjka ;=<ska ;j;a mq¿,aj oek .; yel'
1- msßñfhl= tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lr .;a úg fuu orejd fuu ìß|ghs hkq oek .ekSu
myiq fõ' fuhhs fuu orejdf.a mshd fuhhs fï orejdf.a uj hkq oek .ekSu myiqhs'
kuq;a ldka;djla nyq újdyhka lr.;a úg thska ,efnk orejkaf.a uj fuhhs hkq oek .ekSug
myiqjQj;a mshd lõoehs oek .ekSu wmyiq ld¾Hls' orejdf.a uj yd mshd y÷kd .ekSfï
úIhg bia,dï jeâ ie<ls,a,la olajhs' ;u foudmshka y÷kd fkd.;a orejka" úfYaIfhka
;u mshd fuhhs lshd y÷kd fkd.;a orejka udkisl mSvkhlg we;=,a jk nj ufkda
ffjoHjreka mji;s' Tjqkaf.a l=vd wjosh i;=gq iy.; fkdjkafkah' fï ksihs .Ksldúhkf.ka
Wm; ,nk orejkaf.a ore wjosh wdfrda.fHka fkdmj;skafka'
fï wdldrhg Wm; ,oa orejka mdi,g we;=¿ lrk úg tu orejdg fofofkl=f.a fyda
fofofkl=g jeâ mshjrekaf.a ku lSfï ;;a;ajhla Wodjkq we;' kuq;a j;auka hq.fhys
kQ;k ;dCIK oshqKqfjka Od;= m¾fHaIKh lsÍu ;=<ska orefjl=f.a uj yd mshd lõo@ hkq
fidhd .; yel' wms bosßm;a l< ;¾lh f.ù .sh ld,hg .e,fma kQ;k hq.hg fkd.e,fma'
2- msßñhd yd ldka;dj idfmaCIj .;a l< iajNdjfhkau tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla
lsÍfï ldhsl fhda.H;dj Tyq i;=j mj;s'
3- msßñfhl= tlg jeâ ldka;djka iu. újdyjQj;a iajdñ mqreIfhl= jYfhka ldhslj Tyqg
tu ld¾H myiq fõ' kuq;a tlg jeâ újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.;a ldka;djla ìß|la jYfhka
;u ld¾H Ndrh iEu iajdñ mqreIfhl=gu bgq lsÍu wudre ld¾Hls' Tima ld,fhys
ldka;djkaf.a udkisl yd ffoksl ls%hd l,dmhkays fndfyda fjkila we;s fjhs' fuh
m%;sfCIam l< fkdyels i;Hls'
4- fndfyda iajdñ mqreIhka we;s ìß|la iu ld,fhys úúO iajdñ mqreIhska iu.
ixi¾.fhys fhfok úg ,sx.sl frda.hka we;s ùug fndfyda bv m%ia:dj we;' tneúka
iajdñ mqreIhskago th me;sr hEu je<elaúh fkdyel' kuq;a fuu m%Yakh tlg jeâ
újdyhka ixLHdjla lr.;a msßñfhl=g we;s fkdfõ'
by; i|yka lreKq ñksfil=f.a bkaøShkag .egqkq lreKq fõ' ldka;djla tlg jeâ msßóka
ixLHdjla újdy fkdlr hq;=hs hkqfjka ;ykï l< w,a,dya b;d {dkdkaú;hdh tys fjk;a
lreKq okafka Tyq muKs' tneúkqhs bia,dï ldka;djg iu ld,fhys tlg jeâ msßóka iu.
újdy ùug ;ykï mkjkafka' mßj¾;kh(
wnQ wiaud
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